South Sudan stands at a perilous crossroads. The world’s youngest nation is sliding into yet another transition—another postponement, another recycled promise its leaders show little political will to fulfill. The Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS) was meant to end the civil war and pave the way for the country’s first genuine democratic elections. Instead, with only months remaining before the electoral cycle should meaningfully begin, the agreement is stalled, institutions are hollowed out, and the political class behaves as though time is elastic—and public patience infinite.
Let us be blunt: a credible 2026 election is rapidly becoming a political fantasy, not a democratic plan.
South Sudan’s intellectuals have shifted from hopeful critics to urgent alarm bells. Scholars, civil society leaders, and political observers increasingly warn that the peace deal has been reduced to a slow-motion performance: endless committees, selective implementation, and press conferences masquerading as progress.
Security sector reforms—the backbone of R-ARCSS—remain dangerously incomplete. Forces are still fragmented along old loyalties. Cantonment sites are poorly supported. Police reforms are barely visible. Meanwhile, the constitutional review process, which should define the rules of the political game, is crawling at a pace that virtually guarantees one outcome: no new constitution before 2026.
South Sudanese intellectuals understand the implications. No nation can hold free, fair, and peaceful elections without a unified security force, a constitutionally grounded legal framework, and a functioning rule of law. The warning signs are not subtle. They are flashing red.
Why is the peace agreement failing? Because the system rewards delay. Each additional day in transition allows political elites to consolidate wealth, control state resources, and entrench security networks. Elections threaten this arrangement. As a result, the political class is walking—very slowly—toward a deadline it quietly hopes to miss.
Ordinary South Sudanese are left trapped between expectation and exhaustion. Markets remain unstable. Salaries go unpaid. Localized conflicts erupt with alarming regularity. If the government cannot stabilize communities today, how can it credibly secure polling stations tomorrow?
Democracy is not an event; it is an infrastructure. And that infrastructure is broken.
The National Elections Commission lacks adequate funding, staffing, and genuine independence. The Political Parties Council is barely functional. The judiciary is under-resourced and politically vulnerable. A national census—essential for fair constituencies—has not been conducted. The voter register, the most basic requirement of any election, has no realistic timeline.
You cannot build a skyscraper on sand. And you cannot conduct a national election with institutions that exist only on paper.
A narrow window remains to salvage the democratic process, but doing so demands political courage the current leadership has yet to demonstrate. The next eight months must be treated as a national rescue mission. Three urgent steps are essential:
- Publish a binding national electoral roadmap with clear deadlines and public accountability. No vague communiqués. No secret negotiations. A transparent timetable that citizens, civil society, and international partners can monitor.
- Complete security sector unification and deploy neutral forces for election security. A divided army guarantees either a disputed election—or none at all.
- Fast-track constitutional and legal reforms through inclusive, transparent public participation rather than elite bargaining.
Without these steps, the countdown to 2026 will not end in democratic renewal—it will end in political rupture.
The coming months could push South Sudan down one of three dangerous paths:
- Prolonged Drift: Reforms are quietly delayed until elections become impossible, followed by yet another extension that further erodes public trust.
- Managed Chaos: Political parties challenge delays, triggering protests, confrontations, and state crackdowns.
- Security Breakdown: Localized violence escalates amid political uncertainty, failed disarmament, and military reshuffles—potentially reigniting armed confrontation.
South Sudanese citizens deserve better than a future shaped by fear, fatigue, and endless transition.
A transitional government is meant to transition—not to govern indefinitely, hide behind unfinished reforms, or run out the clock.
South Sudan has postponed elections repeatedly. Another extension without genuine reform risks entrenching a permanent state of transition—one ruled by temporary arrangements and temporary promises.
The world can see it. The country’s intellectuals are sounding the alarm. And citizens—resilient but weary—are still waiting for leaders willing to choose a future larger than their own political survival.
2026 can still be a turning point. But only if those in power stop delaying history—and start delivering it.
The writer, Dr. Stephen Dhieu Kuach, is a South Sudanese governance expert, disability rights advocate, and senior SPLM member. He served as Director of Disability Affairs in the Ministry of Presidential Affairs and coordinated national programs in the Office of the Vice President.
The views expressed in ‘opinion’ articles published by Radio Tamazuj are solely those of the writer. The veracity of any claims made is the responsibility of the author, not Radio Tamazuj.